Fe:ZnSe
Fe:ZnSe or Iron(Ferrum) doped Zinc Selenide (Fe2+:ZnSe) is one of the most effective crystals used to design lasers in middle (thermal) infrared. It is considered to be the most effective laser medium to obtain 3~5um mid-infrared lasers with high performance and wide tuning range because of long output wavelength, wide absorption band and emission band.Such high-performance mid-infrared lasers have important application value in the field of military confrontation,biological safety and environmental sciences.
Fe:ZnSe laser crystal——covers the whole mid-infrared band and has a wide tuned laser output
Fe:ZnSe has a luminescence wavelength of 3.5~5.5 microns, which covers the whole mid-infrared band. Fe:ZnSe ‘s optical and thermodynamic properties are significantly better at low temperature than those at room temperature. Thermal conductivity decreases with increasing doping concentration.The maximum power continuous laser output can be obtained at 77 K by a 1.5 W 4.1 micron Cr:ZnSe laser. The peak values of the Fe:ZnSe absorption cross-section and emission cross-section at room temperature are around 3 and 4.3 microns, respectively. The wide absorption band makes the Fe:ZnSe laser have a wide range in the selection of pumping sources, and the wide emission band is very favorable to obtain a wide tuned laser output.
Parameter
| Structure | Cubic-sphalerite type |
| Density | 5.3 g/cm^3 |
| Melting Point | 1525℃ |
| Max Single Crystal Diameter/Length | ≈38×30~40mm |
| Surfrace Quality(For Polished) | 40/20,Ra＜0.01（um），Rz＜0.05（um) |
| Range Of Doping Concentration | (0.80~1.20)×10^19cm^(-3) |
| Size | up to 40×40×50mm |
| Absorption Cross-section Peak | 0.97×10-18 cm^2 |
| Absorption Bandwidth | 1.3 micron |
| The Wavelength Corresponding To The Peak of The Absorption Cross-section | 3 micron |
| Emission Cross-section Peak | 1.4×10-18 cm^2 |
| The Wavelength Corresponding To The Peak of The Emission Cross-section | 4.3 micron |
| Emission Bandwidth | 1.1 micron |
| Average Power | 67mW |
| Pulse Width | 25ns |
| Center Wavelength | 4.45 micron |
| Fluorescence Lifetime | 57um(100K);0.4um(300K) |
| Extensive Gain Bandwidth | ＞500nm |
| Gain Cross-Sectional Area | 10-18 cm^2 |
| Tunable Medium Infrared Laser Output Range | 3.98μm~4.54μm |
| Reflection Loss | 0.8~1.1 dB |
| Maximum Absorption | near 2.96 micron |
| Flash Pump Using | Er:YAG @2.94um,Er:YSGG@2.78um |
| Laser Wavelength Tuning Range | 2-6 micron |
Feature
Application
Reference
Feature
- Large absorption coefficient
- Wide absorption band
- No strict pump source limit
- Wide emission band
- High energy/high power
- Various density values can be used
- Efficient performance at room temperature
- Almost no excited state absorption and up-conversion process exists
Application
- As a gain material in compact laser systems
- As passive Q-switch for 2800-3400 nm lasers
- Source for pumping middle infrared(NIR)optical parametric oscillators(OPO)
- Infrared(IR)missile countermeasure systems (ship and aircraft based)
- Continuous wave (CW) Fe: ZnSe laser (both tunable and fixed)
- Gain switching (pulse) Fe：ZnSe laser (fixed or adjustable)
- Non-invasive medical diagnostics
- Cavity ring down(CRD)spectroscopy
Reference
| HighPower MidIR (4–5 µm) Femtosecond Laser System with a Broadband Amplifier Based on Fe2+ ZnSe Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics, 2016, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 444–449 |
| Linear and nonlinear transmission of Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals at a wavelength of 2940 nm in the temperature range 20-220℃ Quantum Electronics Volume 44,March 2014,Pages 213-216 |
| Middle infrared Fe2+ ZnS, Fe2+ ZnSe and Cr2+ CdSe lasers new results Journal of Physics: Conference Series 740 (2016) 012006 |
| Temperature and concentration quenching of mid-IR photoluminescence in iron doped ZnSe and ZnS laser crystals Journal of Luminescence 132(2012)600-606 |
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| 4.24 μm mid-infrared laser based on a single Fe2+-doped ZnSe microcrystal Vol. 43, No. 3 / February 1 2018 / Optics Letters |
| Absorption spectra and nonlinear transmission (at λ=2940nm)of a diffusion-doped Fe2+ ZnSe single crystal Quantum Electronics Volume 45,June 2015,Pages 521-526 |
| Efficient operation of a room-temperature Fe2+ ZnSe laser pumped by a passively Q-switched Er YAG laser Quantum Electronics Volume 47,September 2017,Pages 831-834 |
| Electronic and magnetic properties of the Fe_ZnSe(0 0 1)interface Optical Materials Volume 36, Issue 12, October 2014, Pages 2004-2006 |
| Energy and spectral–temporal characteristics of a Fe ZnSe laser on heavily doped single crystals Applied Physics B (2020) 126:179 |
| Fe ZnSe laser pumped by a 2.93-µm Cr, Er YAG laser∗ Chin. Phys. B Vol. 28, No. 6 (2019) 064203 |
| High‑efficiency room‑temperature ZnSe Fe2+ laser with a high pulsed radiation energy Appl. Phys. B (2016) 122:211 |
| Hot-pressed production and laser properties of ZnSe Fe2+ Journal of Crystal Growth 491 (2018) 36–41 |
| Impurity- and defect-related luminescence of ZnSe Fe at Low Temperatures Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute, 2019, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 238–242 |
| Influence of doping time on spatial distribution of luminescence intensity in ZnSe Fe Journal of Luminescence 231(2021)117795 |
| Lasing characteristics of heavily doped single‑crystal Fe ZnSe Applied Physics B (2019) 125:173 |
| Low-cost, environmentally friendly synthesis, structural and spectroscopic properties of Fe ZnSe colloidal nanocrystals Journal of Alloys and Compounds 621(2015)396-403 |
| Luminescent, low-toxic and stable gradient-alloyed Fe ZnSe(S)@ZnSe(S) core shell quantum dots as a sensitive fluorescent sensor for lead ions Author Submitted Manuscript – nano-117698.R1 |
| Microstructure development and optical properties of Fe ZnSe transparent ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering Journal American Ceramic Society. 2020;103:4159–4166. |
| Mid-IR Cathodoluminescence of FeZnSe Optics and Spectroscopy, 2018, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 870–873 |
| Nonlinear Change in Refractive Index and Transmission Coefficient of ZnSe Fe2+ at Long-Pulse 2.94-μm Excitation Optics and Photonics Journal, 2015, 5, 15-27 |
| Nonlinear transmittance of a diffusion-doped single crystal ZnSe Fe2+ at a wavelength of 2940nm at low and room temperature Laser Physics 29 (2019) 025002 (5pp) |
| Nonlinear Transmittance of ZnSe Fe2+ Crystal at a wavelength of 2.92μm Laser Physics, 2007, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 130–133 |
| Optical and EPR spectroscopy of Zn Cr ZnSe and Zn Fe ZnSe crystals Optical Materials 37(2014)262-266 |
| Studies of properties of Fe2+ doped ZnSe nano-needles for photoelectrochemical cell application Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 26(2015) 8904-8914 |
| Thermoelectrically cooled, repetitively pulsed Fe ZnSe laser Quantum Electronics Volume 49,July 2019,Pages 641 –648 |
| Transversal parasitic oscillation suppression in high gain pulsed Fe2+ ZnSe laser at room temperature Optics and Laser Technology 127(2020)106151 |
| Tunable mid-infrared laser properties of Cr2+ ZnMgSe and Fe2+ ZnSe crystals Laser Physics Letters 7, No. 1, 38–45 (2010) |
| Widely tunable passively Q-switched Er3+-doped ZrF4 fiber laser in the range of 3.4-3.7μm based on a Fe2+ ZnSe crystal Vol. 7, No. 9 / September 2019 / Photonics Research |
